Bible Study: Romans 9:25-29 "Those who were not my people..."

As indeed he says in Hosea,

"Those who were not my people I will call 'my people,'
and her who was not beloved I will call 'beloved.'"
"And in the very place where it was said to them, 'You are not my people,'
there they will be called 'sons of the living God.'"

And Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: "Though the number of the sons of Israel be as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will be saved, for the Lord will carry out his sentence upon the earth fully and without delay." And as Isaiah predicted,
"If the Lord of hosts had not left us offspring,
we would have been like Sodom
and become like Gomorrah."

"...Paul effectively summarizes the following context, in which Hosea is called to embody the redeeming love of the Lord in again taking to himself his adulterous wife. In this reference to the adulterous wife Paul elaborates what it means to be called God's people: it is to be a harlot embraced and restored by God's love. Perhaps, too, Paul recalls restoration from the wilderness and exile, since that is God's way with His people, according to Hosea (2:14-20; cf. 11:1). Here it is given to a new people." (Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament. Edited by Carson and Beale, 647).